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God the Father is a title given to God in various religions. In Judaism, God is described as "Father" as he is seen as the absolute one, indivisible and incomparable, transcendent, immanent, and non-corporeal God of creation and history.〔〔〔〔 The God in Judaism is the giver of the shabbath and the torahs—written, oral, mystical—to his chosen people.〔Gerald J. Blidstein, 2006 ''Honor thy father and mother: filial responsibility in Jewish law and ethics'' ISBN 0-88125-862-8 page 1〕 However, in Judaism the use of the "Father" title is generally a metaphor and is one of many titles by which Jews speak of and to God.〔 In trinitarian Christianity, God the Father is regarded as the first person of the Trinity, followed by the second person God the Son (Jesus Christ) and the third person God the Holy Spirit. Since the second century, Christian creeds included affirmation of belief in "God the Father (Almighty)", primarily as his capacity as "Father and creator of the universe".〔 Yet, in Christianity the concept of God as the father of Jesus Christ goes metaphysically further than the concept of God as the Creator and father of all people,〔 as indicated in the Apostle's Creed where the expression of belief in the "Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth" is immediately, but separately followed by in "Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord", thus expressing both senses of fatherhood.〔 The Islamic view of God sees God as the unique creator of the universe and as the life-giver. Father is never used and is strictly prohibited because God has no child. Following is the main central concept about God: Say, "He is Allah, (is ) One, Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is born, Nor is there to Him any equivalent."〔http://quran.com/112〕 == Overview== Although similarities exist among religions, the common language and the shared concepts about God and his title ''Father'' among the Abrahamic religions is quite limited, and each religion has very specific belief structures and religious nomenclature with respect to the subject.〔''The Names of God in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam: A Basis for Interfaith Dialogue:'' by Máire Byrne (Sep 8, 2011) ISBN 144115356X pages 2–3〕 While a religious teacher in one faith may be able to explain the concepts to his own audience with ease, significant barriers remain in communicating those concepts across religious boundaries.〔 ;Christianity In Christianity, God is addressed as the father, in part because of his active interest in human affairs, in the way that a father would take an interest in his children who are dependent on him and as a father, he will respond to humanity, his children, acting in their best interests.〔''Calling God "Father"'' by John W. Miller (Nov 1999) ISBN 0809138972 pages x–xii〕〔Diana L. Eck (2003) ''Encountering God: A Spiritual Journey from Bozeman to Banaras'' ISBN 0807073024 p. 98〕〔''Church Dogmatics, Vol. 2.1, Section 31: The Doctrine of God'' by Karl Barth (Sep 23, 2010) ISBN 0567012859 pages 15–17〕 Many believe they can communicate with God and come closer to him through prayer – a key element of achieving communion with God.〔Floyd H. Barackman, 2002 ''Practical Christian Theology'' ISBN 0-8254-2380-5 page 117〕〔''Calling God "Father"'' by John W. Miller (Nov 1999) ISBN 0809138972 page 51〕〔''Church Dogmatics, Vol. 2.1, Section 31: The Doctrine of God'' by Karl Barth (Sep 23, 2010) ISBN 0567012859 pages 73–74〕 In general, the title ''Father'' (capitalized) signifies God's role as the life-giver, the authority, and powerful protector, often viewed as immense, omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent with infinite power and charity that goes beyond human understanding.〔Lawrence Kimbrough, 2006 ''Contemplating God the Father'' B&H Publishing ISBN 0-8054-4083-6 page 3〕 For instance, after completing his monumental work ''Summa Theologica'', catholic St. Thomas Aquinas concluded that he had not yet begun to understand his Christian ‘God the Father’.〔Thomas W. Petrisko, 2001 ''The Kingdom of Our Father'' St. Andrew's Press ISBN 1-891903-18-7 page 8〕 Although the term "Father" implies masculine characteristics, God is usually defined as having the form of a spirit without any human biological gender, e.g. the Catechism of the Catholic Church #239 specifically states that "''God is neither man nor woman: he is God''".〔David Bordwell, 2002, ''Catechism of the Catholic Church'',Continuum International Publishing ISBN 978-0-86012-324-8 page 84〕〔(Catechism at the Vatican website )〕 Although God is never directly addressed as "Mother", at times motherly attributes may be interpreted in Old Testament references such as , or .〔''Calling God "Father": Essays on the Bible, Fatherhood and Culture by John W. Miller (Nov 1999) ISBN 0809138972 pages 50–51〕 In the New Testament, the Christian concept of God the Father may be seen as a continuation of the Jewish concept, but with specific additions and changes, which over time made the Christian concept become even more distinct by the start of the Middle Ages.〔''Early Jewish and Christian Monotheism'' by Wendy North and Loren T. Stuckenbruck (May 27, 2004) ISBN 0567082938 pages 111–112〕〔''One God, One Lord: Early Christian Devotion and Ancient Jewish Monotheism'' by Larry W. Hurtado (Oct 25, 2003) ISBN pages 96-100〕〔 The conformity to the Old Testament concepts is shown in Matthew 4:10 and Luke 4:8 where in response to temptation Jesus quotes Deuteronomy 6:13 and states: "It is written, you shall worship the Lord your God, and him only shall you serve."〔 However, 1 Corinthians 8:6 shows the distinct Christian teaching about the ''agency of Christ'' by first stating: "there is one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and we unto him" and immediately continuing with "and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things, and we through him."〔 This passage clearly acknowledges the Jewish teachings on the uniqueness of God, yet also states the role of Jesus as an agent in creation.〔 Over time, the Christian doctrine began to fully diverge from Judaism through the teachings of the Church Fathers in the second century and by the fourth century belief in the Trinity was formalized.〔〔''A History of the Christian Tradition, Vol. I'' by Thomas D. McGonigle and James F. Quigley (Sep 1988) ISBN 0809129647 pages 72–75 and 90〕 According to Mary Rose D'Angelo and James Barr, the Aramaic term ''Abba'' was in the early times of the New Testament neither markedly a term of endearment,〔James Barr, "Abba isn't 'daddy'", Journal of Theological Studies, 39:28-47.〕〔http://aramaicdesigns.blogspot.com/2009/06/abba-isnt-daddy-traditional-aramaic.html〕〔Mary Rose D'Angelo, "Abba and 'Father': Imperial Theology and the Jesus Traditions", Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 111, No. 4 (Winter, 1992), pp. 615-616〕 nor a formal word; but the word normally used by sons and daughters, throughout their lives, in the family context. ;Judaism The Jewish concept of God totally differs from the Christian view and has minor similarities with the Muslim view, especially in that “God is not a man” ().〔(The real Messiah (pdf) )〕 ;Islam The Islamic concept of God differs from the Christian and Jewish views, the term "father" is not formally applied to God by Muslims, and the Christian notion of the Trinity is rejected in Islam.〔〔''Christian Theology: An Introduction'' by Alister E. McGrath (Oct 12, 2010) ISBN 1444335146 pages 237–238〕 ;Bahá'í Faith In the Bahá'í faith God is also addressed as father. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「God the Father」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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